Tagged: interoperability

Web 3.0 failed because it tried to decentralise an internet that had already committed itself to platforms, app stores, managed identities, and vendor lock-in. Artificial Intelligence does not resist that trajectory. It completes it. Instead of asking users to take more control, it offers to mediate more of the network on their behalf, turning search into synthesis, browsing into prompting, and the open web into a resource increasingly filtered through a handful of powerful intermediaries.

Web 3.0 promised decentralisation, user ownership, and protocol-driven freedom, but arrived in an internet already dominated by app stores, cloud platforms, and vendor lock-in. This piece argues that the real trajectory of the web has not been towards openness, but towards fragmented ecosystems that trap users, weaken interoperability, and steadily replace the system-agnostic internet many once took for granted.